Energy Expenditure of Walking and Running: Comparison
with Prediction Equations.
Applied
Sciences
Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. 36(12):2128-2134,
December 2004.
HALL, CAMERON; FIGUEROA, ARTURO; FERNHALL, BO; KANALEY, JILL
A.
Abstract:
Purpose: This study established the published prediction equations
for the energy expenditure of walking and running compared with the
measured values. To make this comparison we first determined
whether differences exist in energy expenditure for 1600 m of
walking versus running, and whether energy expenditure differences
occur due to being on the track or treadmill.
Methods: Energy was measured via indirect calorimetry in 24
subjects while walking (1.41 m[middle dot]s-1) and running (2.82
m[middle dot]s-1) 1600 m on the treadmill. A subgroup also
performed the 1600-m run/walk on the track. The measured energy
expenditures were compared with published prediction equations.
Results: Running required more energy (P < 0.01) for 1600 m
than walking (treadmill: running 481 +/- 20.0 kJ, walking 340 +/-
14 kJ; track: running 480 +/- 23 kJ, walking 334 +/- 14 kJ) on both
the track and treadmill. Predictions using the ACSM or Leger
equations for running, and the Pandolf equation for walking, were
similar to the actual energy expenditures for running and walking
(total error: ACSM: -20 and 14.4 kJ, respectively; Legers walking:
-10.1 kJ; Pandolf walking: -10.0 kJ). An overestimation (P <
0.01) for 1600 m was found with the McArdle's table for walking and
running energy expenditure and with van der Walt's prediction for
walking energy expenditure, whereas the Epstein equation
underestimated running energy expenditure (P < 0.01).
Conclusion: Running has a greater energy cost than walking on
both the track and treadmill. For running, the Leger equation and
ACSM prediction model appear to be the most suitable for the
prediction of running energy expenditure. The ACSM and Pandolf
prediction equation also closely predict walking energy
expenditure, whereas the McArdle's table or the equations by
Epstein and van der Walt were not as strong predictors of energy
expenditure.
(C)2004The American College of Sports Medicine