For years, women’s participation in the United States workforce
was greatly limited. However, throughout the country’s history,
women have made great strides toward equality in the workforce. We
even get to run
blogs!
So today, in honor of the female
CEOs, doctors, teachers, political figures and more, our
friends from the CreditScore
Blog are helping us celebrate women in the workplace.
Remember being bored out of your skull because your parents
dragged you to some stupid museum when you were a kid? Well, it
could have been worse. Much worse.
Because there are apparently museums out there capable of
inflicting the kind of trauma a person never recovers from.
The El Museo is the museum of HOLY SHIT WHAT IS THAT!
Why... does that exist anywhere?
To say this is a museum full of mummies doesn't even come close
to conveying the unspeakable horror of this place. How about this:
In ancient Rome, and college fraternities, there is a brutal and
humiliating tradition known as running the
gauntlet, during which you strip naked and run through a valley
of horrors. Guanajuato's El Museo De Las Momias ("Museum of the
Mummies") is just like that, except that it's the
spectators who are naked. And dead.
You know one of those hands will reach out and grab
you.
The Mummies of Guanajuato are naturally preserved bodies from a
cholera outbreak that hit Guanajuato way back in 1833. Since this
is basically just a huge open grave with floodlights, its legality
and moral status continues to be the subject of much discussion
everywhere except in Mexico.
Most of the mummies on display were corpses whose families could
not afford to pay a
grave tax levied on their families once they died. If you
failed to pay the taxes, you guessed it...
You went up on display.
Hey, have we mentioned the babies?
"Come play with us..."
"...forever..."
"...and ever..."
Oh, and while we're on the subject of nightmarish carnivals of
the rotting dead...
Welcome to Catacombe dei Cappuccini: the Capuchin Catacombs of
Palermo, Sicily. Described as a "human library," the Catacombs
serve as an invaluable historic record on everything from clothing
trends to fear tolerance.
In 1599, the monks who lived here discovered a great new method
for embalming the dead, and as the situation warranted, they went
to work embalming each other. Then wealthy locals wanted to be
interred in the Capuchin Catacombs as a status thing.
Despite being as old as Galileo and bombed to hell during World
War II, some of the inhabitants of the Capuchin Catacombs still
look pretty fresh...
...And all of them dressed in the finest clothes, eagerly
awaiting the Resurrection.
The Glore Psychiatric Museum, formally known as Missouri's
State
Lunatic Asylum No. 2, is like the Event Horizon of art
galleries.
They call this one "Schizophrenia."
The museum takes its name from one George Glore, who in the 60s,
put his patients/inmates at the St. Joseph State Hospital to work
building full-size replicas of some of the most horrific
psychiatric practices from the last few centuries--which makes
about as much sense as making the inmates at Guantanamo Bay build
Big Macs until they love America.
Apparently, building creepy shit like this is a damn
good way to get sane.
The result is a weird and terrifying excursion through the minds
of a hundred lunatics, displaying patient art which ranges from
sophisticated...
Albeit psychopathic.
To South Park...
Stan?
But the, uh, highlight of the museum has to be this magnificent
mosaic, which was constructed entirely from the stomach contents of
a woman suffering from compulsive swallowing.
That horror is 100 percent stomach
contents.
It is actually hard to picture anyone going crazy over anything
in Missouri, but now that we have seen what their hospitals look
like, it is probably best to avoid the state. After all, the woman
who swallowed those 1,446 objects died in surgery. So who the
fuck made the mosaic?
We're all adults here, hopefully. Menstruation isn't any more
disgusting than the other bodily functions we don't discuss in
polite company. So what's wrong with having a museum dedicated to
the subject?
How about the fact that it's in some random dude's basement in
lower Maryland.
This guy!
While there genuinely is a long history to menstruation's
imprint on culture, from its
symbolic record to its inclusion in Cervantes' Don Quixote, the Museum of Menstruation & Women's
Health is really just the story of one man with a dream: Harry Finley.
Since 1995, this humble, middle-aged American has devoted his
life to making his private collection of feminine hygiene products
and mutilated mannequins available to the public. His work has
received accolades from Johns Hopkins University and The New
York Times--at least according to his website--and Harry's reputation has since
blossomed from local neighborhood character to a character from a
Thomas Harris novel.
Among the museum's collections are a dress made out of
tampons...
...well kept archives...
...whatever the hell these are...
...and finally, the intimacy of knowing that you and Harry
are the only people in the house. For real. Since 1999,
all visits to the museum/Harry's basement have had to be done by
appointment and in
private.
oh nice !Sadly, My boyfriend and me
broke up weeks ago. yeah..
i’m young ,beautiful,lonely and still hurting.i may be
in need of someone to love..still..My friends told me about
A g e l e s s k i s s .C’ 0- M. and i got curious about it..
they met their boyfriends there.,It’s the best place to meet
a older boyfriend or a younger girlfriend. i cant risk
myself.
.So i got a username sara lady there in order to find a new
boyfriend.is it wrong?
W
Elmo's dick? Seriously? I thought it
would have just been a red fuzzy tube, kind of a joke more than
anything. f**king scary.
What about the amazing museum in Rome with all the mummified
bodies/bones? Can't remember the name, but come on they have a
perfectly mummified little girl that looks completely alive!!!
I would so rather go to all of the other
museums in this list in one day than go to the ventriloquist
museum. Those dummies are the most terrifying thing in the
world.
The man who owns the Menstrual Museum is
obviously a serial killer. A perfect one too. As soon as he kills
you, your blood is absorbed by the numerous tampons...
Holy s**t, this article was equal parts
hilarious and creepy. "BUY POSTCARDS" made me laugh out loud so
hard. And I'd rather see 10,000 inside out babies then be in that
horrific dummy museum.
somehow i knew the mutter museum would b
on this list. it's funny while all the other places on the list
sound freaky as s**t, the mutter museum didn't freak me out when i
went there; i thought it was fascinating.
These images, by photographers of the Farm Security
Administration/Office of War Information, are some of the only
color photographs taken of the effects of the Depression on
America’s rural and small town populations. The photographs are the
property of the Library of Congress and were included in a 2006
exhibit Bound for Glory: America in Color.
It's a running theme here at Cracked that a lot of what we think
we know about history has been filtered through many centuries of
utter bullshit. Our image of the past is largely made up of
Hollywood inventions, propaganda and uneducated guesses.
So you will probably be surprised to find that...
#6.
The Pyramids Were
Smooth, White and Shiny
The Perception:
We get so busy being amazed by the Pyramids, with their massive,
meticulously layered sandy golden bricks, that we forget that what
we're seeing are the broken-down remnants. If you could see them
new, you'd barely recognize them. They were much more
awesome back then.
The Reality:
What we think of today as the Pyramids are really just the
exposed layers of the structural base.
The original pyramids lit up like the Times Square of ancient
Egypt. Egyptians were all about having the maximum amount of
glittery goodness, especially when it came to death.
Pharaohs liked tacky shit? We would have never
guessed.
And since the Pyramids were the tombs of the pharaohs, they made
sure they were the biggest, most sparkly things of all. The
original outside consisted of smooth, white limestone that hid the
layers of brick, giving the effect that a pyramid was one giant
solid piece. Don't take our word for it; you can still see bits of
that decorative layer on some of them:
That outer crunchy candy shell was then polished until it was on
the verge of
blinding from all the light it would reflect from the sun or
moon. It was said that they could be seen from miles away, even
during the night.
Of course that wasn't enough, so the capstone was then plated in
gold or
electrum. Had the technology existed, we're sure the pharaohs
would have stuck 24-inch chrome rims on them, too.
Why We Picture it Wrong:
What we're looking at today are the equivalent of sports cars
that have been long forgotten in some junkyard.
Weather and time have been beating down the pyramids for
four and a half thousand years. Well, partly it was time,
but mostly it was assholes. Those shiny layers of white and gold?
They were stripped off and used in the construction of Medieval
Cairo, and there are cracks and holes where 19th century treasure
hunters tried to get in with pickaxes and in one unfortunate case,
dynamite.
Oh don't worry about it looters, those were only the greatest
architectural accomplishments of the Ancient World. We're sure what
you needed the stuff for was way more important.
#5.
Velociraptors Had
Feathers
The Perception:
Sure, the T-Rex may be the go-to killer dinosaur, but everyone
who's anyone knows that Velociraptors were the real baddest asses
of prehistoric times. Cracked Paleontologists theorize that if it
wasn't for a giant boulder shot from outer space wiping them all
out, Velociraptors would be ruling the planet today, only keeping
humans around for food and sport.
"We'll give you a two minute head start."
These deadly beasts of yore looked like miniaturized
Tyrannosaurs, but sleeker, quicker and more dangerous. The dinosaur
Kobe to the T-Rex's Shaq, if you will. Anyone who's seen
Jurassic Park has a pretty good idea of what Raptors
looked like. Well... except for one minor detail.
"We hope it's not something that makes us look
totally lame!"
The Reality:
They had feathers. Not just a few here and there either. But a
full on, honest to goodness coat of teeth-to-tail
FEATHERS.
Now, it would be awesome if this meant they could fly, but
obviously if they could do that, you'd already damned well know
about it. No, it turns out Velociraptors were just big fluffy
looking lizards, who most likely used the feathers to show off to
other raptors, or in mating
rituals. Apparently Raptor ladies were impressed if you looked
like the bastard offspring of a komodo dragon and Big Bird.
Velociraptors: Preening douchebags of the thunder
lizard kingdom.
Why We Picture it Wrong:
We actually didn't know about this until 1998, when a bone
proving the extent of quill knobs on Velociraptors was discovered,
and many a childhood ruined.
Here's to hoping they do a Star Wars-style special
edition for Jurassic Park, with updated, more accurate CGI
dinosaurs. That should be goddamned hilarious.
#4.
Greek Statues Were
Brightly Painted and Kind of Stupid Looking
The Perception:
Quick, what do you picture in your head when we say, "Ancient
Greece"? If you're like most people you either picture lots of
dudes standing around in togas, or white marble statues with no
pupils in their eyes:
"Colorful clothes are for gangbangers and
homosexuals."
Those ornate statues made of pure white marble, depicting the
austere beauty and power of epic gods and heroes, have made quite
an impression on history. Renaissance sculptors carved their own
marble statues based on the belief that that's how the ever wise
Greeks did things.
The Reality:
Ancient Greece looked more like someone crashed their LGBT pride
parade into a Mardi Gras Festival.
Recent studies using the awesome powers of lasers and shit
(no,
seriously!) have found that once completing the iconic marble
statues and buildings we know today, the Greeks covered them head
to toe in bright primary colors. Greek sculptors worked together
with painters to come up with psychedelic patterns and colors to
make their statues and buildings pop.
So in the midst of all that theorizing and philosophizing, the
Greeks were also really focused on making sure their day to day
life looked like the album cover of Magical Mystery Tour. Oh, and
you know the iconic Parthenon? Based on the way buildings were
painted back then, it was most likely an eye-searing mash of bright
yellow, red and blue.
Why We Picture it Wrong:
As years passed, like with the Pyramids, the primitive paint
used on the statues chipped and wore off, so when they were
rediscovered by later civilizations, they appeared in their all
white form. And frankly people just
liked the idea of the all white marble look.
Even so, archaeologists knew that the statues used to be
painted, since there were ancient records showing people painting
the damned things. However, people simply preferred to display the
plain white statues, since they looked more like something made by
the founders of Western civilization should look like, in the minds
of many scholars. Pure, clean, capturing the shape and essence of
scientific accuracy and artistic beauty--whereas the painted
versions kinda looked like something you might have made during
middle school art class.
If you had researched at all you would
found out that the world is only about 6000 years old, and you
could have combined #2 and #5 and had a ball-shatteringly awesome
session on the swarthy, feathered raptor Jesus.
I'm not sure where the author read about
steady state theory, but that was all but disproven in 1965 with
the discovery of the Cosmic Microwave backround. Basically everyone
agrees with the big bang theory now
You also forgot to add the other big
bang theory. God clapped his hands one day and the universe
magically appeared. On the seventh day he rested and begged people
to build things after him and take a day off from work.
I thought some of these were pretty
"duh", but as a former high-school Latin geek, I appreciated the
part about how f**kin' garish the color schemes were in "Classical"
Greco-Roman statuary -- not at all like Michelangelo's _David_ or
_Pieta_, but actually much more like the made-in-China,
plastic-blow-molded, 3/4-lifesize Nativity Scene lawn figures that
give heart attacks to aesthetic snobs.
Chinesus... Classic.
And to be clear, the velociraptor is actually only the size of a
large chicken. The raptor that was in Jurassic Park is actually
called deinonychus, but they changed the name for obvious reasons.
I was a huge dinosaur nerd when these movies came out.
I knew there were raptors with feathers
for ages but back then they thought there were different raptors
over the years like there are different kinds of t-rex type
dinosaurs over the years.
I thought the dino part was really funny
- even though I disagree. Large predatory animals with feathers
would look damn cool (possibly - depends on colors maybe lol. But
likely they weren't very flamboyant... predators rarely are) And
secondly dinosaurs aren't lizards but you prolly know that. Lizard
just sounded funnier in that part, I suppose.
Birds are dinosaurs and some of them look pretty damn
badass/cool/adorable/*insert adjective here*
Velociraptor though was a small raptor species. Larger example
would include Deinonychus which was more like the ones in Jurassic
Park movies. Utahraptor was the biggest known species in the
family. There were quite a load of Dromaeosaurids.
Abcxyq, the Saurus part of the name does
originate from the Greek word "Sauros," meaning lizard, it
shouldn't be taken literally here. The name was applied to
dinosaurs in general by Sir Richard Owen not too long after people
stopped thinking dinosaur bones belonged to giant people. That's
also how we wound up with the awesome-sounding f**k-up that is
Basilosaurus, a whale.
Basically, if something has "saurus" or "saur" in the name, you
should expect it to be anything and everything BUT a lizard.
what portrayal of an average Jewish man?
you mean the artist' rendering of what an average middle eastern
man probably looked like 2000 years ago?
I see nothing wrong with drawing a fairly pedestrian human face and
saying, "Hey, that's probably closer to how he looked."
Would it have been less offensive to draw a second face with other
characteristics under it and label it, "This is what an average Jew
looked like 2000 years ago, absolutely no similarities whatsoever
to anyone else in the region of the world they inhabited."
I guess what annoys me about this is
that your 'expose' failed to actually portray the whole truth.
You're just spreading another brand of misinformation.
Velociraptors were actually a completely different species to the
one 'everyone' recognises thanks to Jurrsasic Park. Velociraptors
were one metere tall egg stealing midgets, the badass hunters in
the film were Deinonychus.
Vikings DID wear horns on their helmets, but only ceremonially as
opposed to in combat.
And let's be honest, the amount of people who think Jesus was white
is probably the same amount of people who think Glenn Beck is
respectable or intelligent or correct. If that's even close to
'everyone' I'm hanging myself.
I'm pretty sure that the people who
think Glenn Beck is neither of those is incorrect, too. In an
article in Forbes, he pretty much outright says he's in it for the
money, therefore he has to be pretty intelligent. Respectable no,
intelligent yes.
And I know Jesus is from the Middle East. Some people just don't
like thinking it through.
l really thought it would be about the
T-Rex when l saw dinosaurs.
not that long ago it was proven that it was not a hunter. lt was
eating left overs from real predators. XD well it was still a good
article
That theory has been proven/disproven
many times. Even if you picture the T-Rex as a hyena style apex
scavenger, it still would occassionally kill its own meal; like the
hyena. Studies of the bone structure showed the T-Rex would be
slightly slower than the hadrosaur, which would put it in the
category of catching young/weak/sick prey, just like every large
predator but the cheetah today.
Jesus very well could have looked like
an Italian man. Mary likely conceived the child known as Jesus with
a Roman/Italian soldier, as some of the historic rumors go; hence
making him have a whiter complexion. But you know, him being the
son of God makes much more sense.
"2053" - This is the number of nuclear
explosions conducted in various parts of the globe.*
Profile of the artist: Isao HASHIMOTO
Born in Kumamoto prefecture, Japan in 1959.
Worked for 17 years in financial industry as a
foreign exchange dealer. Studied at Department of Arts, Policy and
Management of Musashino Art University, Tokyo.
Currently working for Lalique Museum, Hakone,
Japan as a curator.
Created artwork series expressing, in the
artist's view, "the fear and the folly of nuclear weapons":
"This piece of work is a bird's eye view of the
history by scaling down a month length of time into one
second. No letter is used for equal messaging to all viewers
without language barrier. The blinking light, sound and the
numbers on the world map show when, where and how many experiments
each country have conducted. I created this work for the
means of an interface to the people who are yet to know of the
extremely grave, but present problem of the world."
Contact the artist:
Should you have any query regarding this
artwork, please contact e-mail address below:
The modern world as we know it was shaped by the minds of
geniuses. But the same "outside the box" thinking that gave us our
great innovations also gave them some truly ridiculous ideas.
Does that give us the right to mock some of history's greatest
minds? Ah, who knows?
#6.
Thomas Edison's
Ghost Busting Machine
Thomas Edison is America's most beloved asshole inventor, famous
for stealing other people's inventions, hiring thugs to physically
intimidate his competition and heroically
electrocuting an elephant to discredit the use of alternating
current. Also, he invented the light bulb (which he stole) and the
motion picture camera, which he only invented so he could film
himself having sex with other men's wives [citation
needed].
"...and you'll just be in the closet the whole time
we're boning, filming the shit out of it."
Naturally, the next step for Edison was paranormal
extermination. During the early days of the 20th century,
contacting the spirit world was all the rage and any jackass with a
gypsy wig and/or monocle could make bundles of cash holding seances
to bilk grieving families hoping to talk to a deceased loved one.
And if there was one thing Edison loved, it was money.
After intentionally
burning his finger to point his fingerprint was erased, Edison
noted the fingerprint grew back and triumphantly concluded that all
human beings must be made of "immortal units" which cannot be
destroyed, thus explaining the existence of ghosts. He set about
creating a device that would trap these immortal units and allow
them to be studied by the living.
"GET THE MICROSCOPE!"
Edison was incredibly secretive about the nature of his ghost
hunting mechanism--not even a prototype was ever seen. Just about
the only real detail anyone knows is that
one of his assistants died while working on it, presumably
because Edison wanted to test and see if it worked.
You'll have to watch Casper: Origins to
learn more.
#5.
Nikola Tesla's
Earthquake Machine
Nikola Tesla is like the photo negative of Thomas Edison. Edison
made Direct Current (DC), Tesla made Alternating Current (AC).
Edison became grotesquely rich, Tesla died poor. Edison got tons of
stuff named after him, including corporations and high schools. All
Tesla got was a crappy rock band from Sacramento.
Though it wasn't all sour grapes for Tesla--while Edison
invented some pretty common place items like light bulbs and record
players, Tesla excelled in awesome invention like robots, wireless
electricity and death rays. He predicted the Internet 80 years
before its existence. Also, he was played by David Bowie in a
movie.
"Immediately, I rule harder than any scientist
ever."
One thing Edison and Tesla did have in common was batshit
lunacy. In Tesla's case, it was a pocket-sized earthquake
generator. In 1898, Tesla conducted an experiment in mechanical
resonance in his New York lab, which basically measures the
tendency of something to absorb more energy from a vibration if
said vibration matches its own natural frequency. In other words,
everything has its own musical pitch that, if matched, will break
the object, not unlike opera singers breaking crystal glasses with
just their voices. Except in this case Tesla's crystal glasses were
buildings.
Allegedly while testing his electro-mechanical oscillator (or
earthquake
machine), many buildings began to shake. Once the very building
he stood in began to tremble, Tesla took a sledgehammer to the
device, destroying it and likely saving everyone in the city.
"Shit, I've gotta break this fucking
thing."
It's not really clear why Tesla was developing a portable
earthquake machine, other than the fact that he could use it to get
virtually whatever he wanted, for the rest of his life. There is no
further record of Tesla using or trying to market the device,
though we presume he kept a working version of it in his home in
case he ever caught Edison combing through his garbage.
Tesla wouldn't hesitate to murder you with
science.
#4.
Alexander Graham
Bell's Six Nippled Sheep
As all of you (hopefully) know, Alexander Graham Bell invented
the telephone, which is arguably the single most important
invention of all fucking time. As probably none of you know, one of
Bell's less notable inventions is the six
nippled sheep.
"SIX GODDAMN TITS ON A MOTHERFUCKING
SHEEP!"
Bell spent the last 30 years of his life and $250,000 (adjusted
for inflation that's roughly the Gross Domestic Product of Canada)
on his beloved deranged sheep. Why would a famed inventor spend all
his time and money just to shit on nature? To make more sheep, of
course. Upon purchasing a pet ewe for his children, Bell noted
sheep possessed only two nipples, an inferior number compared to
pigs and cats. Evolution had clearly fucked this one up.
Bell versus Evolution: The Throwdown.
Bell figured that sheep with more nipples would naturally
produce more offspring and thus make farmers' wallets fatter, a
postulation not supported by science of any kind. Of course, the
ramifications of the nipple enhanced sheep implies more
far-reaching applications, the likes of which man has only
fantasized about to this point.
Not that I like to nitpick (lie), but I
think the correct analogy for Love Jet would be "catnip for
penises". You see, catnip attracts cats, and Love Jet attracts
penises.
Very good article though. And yes, that last gliding tank is
awesome. Didn't the British also use large gliders with little
tanks inside in WWII? Or do I just think that from playing vidya
games?
Other inventions of wtf-esque
acclaim:
-Beck's Automatic Bzooty (zero to tooty-fruity real fast).
-Warhammer 40k's f'ing chainsaw bayonet, respect.
-NASA's Cryo-Snuggie for deep space exploration in comfort.
-And Homer Simpson's electric hammer (which, even beyond the grave,
f'ing Edison still managed to steal from him...p***k).
Ironic that an article which espouses
that Edison was a f**king fraud (which is true) fails to mention
the fact that A.G. Bell stole the design of the telephone from
Elisha Gray. As all of you (hopefully) know.
I know a crazy dude who thinks that
somebody has been using earthquake machines to cause all the
earthquakes that have been happening lately. Why somebody would
feel like they need to make an earthquake happen in Haiti is beyond
me though. I'm sure he's got some explanation that has to do with
aliens living dormant in poor peoples bodies that need to be woken
up by a strong shake or a swift kick to the nuts so they can
continue to control the world by putting free mason symbols on
s**t. Yeah, people are crazy.
Everyone should know by now Bell did not
invent the telephone. Meucci invented it several years earlier.
Bell patented first, taking credit for Meucci's invention.
I think the Love Jet is supposed to work
on the woman to increase her hormones. It sounds like it causes
them to orgasm, which increases her desire to have sex and
increases the liklihood of insemination. The woman who says that
she's now thankful for being a woman has obviously had some change,
and by checking the meters the doctor can see if the woman
undergoes orgasm. It's not a pheremone attractor, it's an orgasm
enhancer.
I was going to demand you apologize for
and retract your comment on the band Tesla, but then I remembered
I'm also a fan of Dokken and Ratt, so... yeah, carry on. Good
article otherwise.
Anyone interested in reading about wacky
military inventions should check out "My Tank Is Fight" by Zack
Parsons. It talks about Christie's Flying Tank and many other weird
inventions from WW2. For instance, the German 'Ratte', a tank the
size of a building. Project Habbakuk, an allied aircraft carrier
built of ice. And, the Heliofly, a personal helicopter you wear on
your back.
What is believed to be the first ever example of English written
in a British church has been discovered. Problem is, no-one can
read it.
The 500-year-old inscription was found on a wall in Salisbury
Cathedral, Wiltshire, hidden behind a monument dedicated to an
aristocrat.
The faded black lettering was discovered in January but experts
have now asked for help from the public in a bid to make sense of
the inscription.
The
digitally-enhanced image of the inscription on a wall in Salisbury
Cathedral
Conservator Tom
Beattie examines the lettering which was revealed after a
350-year-old monument was removed
Probe: Dr John
Crook has produced a digitally-enhanced image of the text
Conservators came across the writing when they were preparing to
clean a 350-year-old monument to Henry Hyde, a local aristocrat who
was 'martyred' in the English Civil War for his support of King
Charles I.
The text on the cathedral's south aisle wall had been
whitewashed over with lime, which is why it is hard to read.
Tim Tatton-Brown, the cathedral’s archaeologist, said: 'The
cathedral’s conservators quite unexpectedly found some beautifully
written English text behind the Henry Hyde Monument on the
cathedral’s south aisle wall.
'It was discovered when the monument was temporarily removed as
part of the ongoing schedule of work.
'I originally surmised that the text dated from the 16th
century, bearing in mind that the monument was erected soon after
1660.
'However, our researches now suggest it was written a century
earlier and therefore pre-dates the Reformation.
'Study by specialist academics is leaning towards the text being
written in the 15th century.
'This was period when English was, for the very first time,
being used just occasionally in preference to Latin, which was then
"the norm".'
Sir Henry had been buried there in 1650 after his execution. The
monument was put up in 1660 and refers to him as ending life
'kissing the axe ... to suffer the envied martyrdom of Charles
I'.
The writing was
found behind this monument. It was put up in 1660 and refers to
Henry Hyde as ending life 'kissing the axe ... to suffer the envied
martyrdom of Charles I'
The inscription
was found behind a monument in Salisbury Cathedral
So, what would
English have been like in the 15th century?
The era saw the development – and finally dominance – of an
English language that we would recognise today.
Not only were peasants using it, but the ruling class, who were
still largely descended from the 1066 Norman invaders, increasingly
spoke it too.
Revolutionary:
Caxton's printing press
Middle English, which more closely reflected its Saxon roots
than today’s language, was already used in Parliament (from the
1360s) and the royal court (from King Henry V, who acceded in
1413).
Latin, however, remained the official language of the clergy,
making the use of the inscription at Salisbury Cathedral all the
more fascinating.
It perhaps reflects a growing confidence in users of the tongue
during a time of great upheaval as men from lower levels in society
came into positions of power.
The advent of William Caxton's printing press in the 1470s also led
greater standardisation, with more recognisable forms of grammar
and syntax.
So, as a wider public became familiar with a standard language, the
era of Modern English was truly underway.
Mr Tatton-Brown added: 'My guess is that it is a biblical text,
put there in the Elizabethan period when the nave was fitted out
with high pews for people to sit in to listen to the "new" sermons
preached there.
'Inscriptions of the Bible, the Word of God, would have been
written on the inside walls of the building following the
Reformation, having been translated into English in Cranmer’s
bible.'
Although in the 15th century the clergy stuck to Latin, English
was increasingly spoken by wider society, including the ruling
class.
The royal court used the language from 1413 onwards.
Experts in deciphering similar messages have attempt to find the
meaning of the inscription but have so far failed.
Dr John Crook, who produced a digitally-enhanced image of the
text, said he had found one line which read 'and we are c...' but
the rest was illegible.
He added: There seems to be a phrase but so far we have not been
able to work out more.
'If anyone thinks they can identify any further letters from the
enhanced photographs, please contact us via the Salisbury Cathedral
website.
'The basic questions of what exactly the words are and why the
text was written on the cathedral wall remain unanswered.
'It would be wonderful for us to solve the mystery.'
Dr Crook also believes there are likely to be other inscriptions
in the cathedral, which have since been lost or painted over.
He said: 'It would be too much of a coincidence that the only
one happened to be behind this monument.'
The inscription has now been re-covered by the Henry Hyde
monument, as scholars said it would be better protected.
Wouldn't 1660 fall under the 17th century?
And a century earlier (when the text was believed to be written),
~1560, would be the 16th century, not the 15th?
Shouldn't this be earliest form of English
written in an English church? In which case I think will be quite
inaccurate, there have been archaeological finds that can prove
this otherwise.
Anyway, a very intruiging find, nontheless, I hope this can be
deciphered!
- Alex, Oxford, England, UK, NOT EU,
03/3/2010 15:09
Early humans, possibly even prehuman ancestors,
appear to have been going to sea much longer than anyone had ever
suspected.
That is the startling implication of discoveries made
the last two summers on the Greek island of Crete. Stone tools
found there, archaeologists say, are at least 130,000 years old,
which is considered strong evidence for the earliest known
seafaring in the Mediterranean and cause for rethinking the
maritime capabilities of prehuman cultures.
Crete has been an island for more than five million
years, meaning that the toolmakers must have arrived by boat. So
this seems to push the history of Mediterranean voyaging back more
than 100,000 years, specialists in Stone Age archaeology say.
Previous artifact discoveries had shown people reaching Cyprus, a
few other Greek islands and possibly Sardinia no earlier than
10,000 to 12,000 years ago.
The oldest established early marine travel anywhere
was the sea-crossing migration of anatomically modern Homo sapiens
to Australia, beginning about 60,000 years ago. There is also a
suggestive trickle of evidence, notably the skeletons and artifacts
on the Indonesian island of Flores, of more ancient hominids making
their way by water to new habitats.
Even more intriguing, the archaeologists who found
the tools on Crete noted that the style of the hand axes suggested
that they could be up to 700,000 years old. That may be a stretch,
they conceded, but the tools resemble artifacts from the stone
technology known as Acheulean, which originated with prehuman
populations in Africa.
wondersofwestmemphiswalmart says:
Wed, 3rd Nov 20103:31 pm
great stuff- now, if only women would stop trying to crush other women in the workplace we could bet back to working on advancement! http://www.thepetitionsite.com/7/stop-the-bullying-at-the-university-of-memphis/
TheReviewer says:
Thu, 4th Nov 20103:35 pm
Then who is in the kitchen making the sandwiches?
Brad says:
Thu, 4th Nov 20107:36 pm
Infographics are such a great way to visualize information. Women have made it over many obstacles throughout history.
Johnny says:
Thu, 4th Nov 20108:50 pm
Sooo whant to guess when our Military and Economy started to take a turn for the worse…